Trauma - Options
(Post-traumatic Stress [PTSD], Acute stress [ASD], ...
Adjustment disorders, and others...)
Trauma may occur when an individual experiences more extreme situations. When the effects of trauma are pervasive and consistent, they can impair one's capacity to cope with general life activities. Some of the stressors that can cause trauma may include death or near death experiences related to others or self, abuse, assault, natural disasters, accidents, ongoing family difficulties, and other stressors that are threatening. Trauma symptoms are many and will need to be assessed by a trained psychologist. While not an exhaustive list, they can be considered in the following categories:
Intrusion Symptoms: Ongoing distress, memories, flashbacks, nightmares, and bodily affects (increased heart rate etc).
Avoidance Behaviors: Avoiding memories, people, places, events, or other external reminders of a trauma.
Cognition and Mood problems: Memory loss, negative beliefs, difficult emotional changes - anxiety, guilt, rage, and shame, motivational deficits, isolation from others, and reduced positive emotions (e.g., happiness)
Physical Reactivity: Including increased anger, risky behaviours, increased hypervigilance and startle, and trouble with focusing and sleep.
For treatment:
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